Lesson Objective 3:
·
Contrast the ancient civilization of the Nile
with that of the Tigris-Euphrates, and discuss the defining features of
Egyptian life.
·
The nile and the Two Lands
·
The country of Egypt divvied into teo lands
·
Labor depended on the Nile and Euphrates rivers
·
Had two kingdoms of Upper and lower Egypt
·
Around 3100 b.c. the Two Lands were unified
under a single king in a brutal warfare.
·
Ruled by pharaohs
·
Pharaohs: the rulers of ancient Egypt
·
Tending
the Cattle of God
·
Pharaohs were identified by Birth and succession
·
Women and men under Pharaohs
·
Women who were close to Pharaohs had a touch of
divinity, a god made them pregent and god whom gave them birth
·
Pharaohs had many wives
·
Women rarely ever had authority of a pharaoh
·
The most successful rulers, Hathshepsut, reigned
as “king” shortly after 1500 B.C.
·
The book of wisdom was written in 1800 b.c.
tells sons and husband to support mothers,
·
Gods, Human, and Everlasting Life
·
Believed in many gods
·
Some priest believed that of all the gods one
god had created all the others
·
Believed in immortal
·
By the end of the Old Kingdom after 2200 b.c.
inspired creative new idea: local administers who held power independently of
the pharaoh came to except that they would live independently of him after
death.
·
By 1800, Egyptians believed that the soul of
ever deceased person had to stand Orisis, the ruler of the underworld, for
judgment.
·
The Writings of the Words of Gods
·
Hieroglyphs: the earliest Egyptian writing, in
which pictures stood for whole words or separate sounds of words.
·
Was devised about 3100 b.c. as a part of
carvings and paintings intended to the pharaohs
·
After that the hieratic script was formed
·
Around 700 b.c. the demotic script came into use
·
Papyrus scrolls became the books of the ancient
worlds.
·
Calendars and Sailboats
·
Created the calendar that had 12 monthes and 365
days of the year
·
Made medicine, developed systematic procedures
for handling cases of illness
·
By 3100 b.c. they made them with masts and sails
to catch the wind, which the Nile Valley usually blows against a current
·
By 2500 b.c. the Sumerians used sailboats, the
Egyptians had adapted these sailboats to travel the open sea of the
Mediterranean’s eastern shoreline.
·
Pyramids and Temples
·
Pyramid: a massive structure with sloping sides
that met at an apex, used as a royal tomb in ancient Egypt
·
Largets pyramid built was ordered by King Khufu,
who ruled about 2650 b.c.
·
Located in the Giza
·
The temple of Amon at Karnak was begun about
1530 b.c. and finished at 1300 b.c.
·
Gothic cathedral were built more than 2,500
years ago.
·
Rhythm of Egypt’s History
·
Egyptians state enjoyed lengthy periods of stability
and unity, interrupted by briefer intervals of turmoil.
·
The power of the pharaohs first reached its
height in the period known to modern scholars as the Old Kingdom, beginning
about 2700 b.c.
·
2200 b.c. however series of weak pharaohs
allowed local officials to gain independent hereditary power in the reigns they
controlled.
·
Egypt remained turmoil until about 2050 b.c.,
when a dynasty from the up-river city of Thebes brought the whole country under
its rule, to form the Middle Kingdom.
·
In 1800 b.c. semitic immigrant tribes known as
the Hykos were able to move into Lower Egypt and the Middle Kingdom came to an
end.
·
Native Egyptian pharaohs continued to rule Upper
Egypt from Thebes, and in 1600 b.c. they were able to defeat the Hyskos rulers
and bring the nation into its imperial era, the New Kingdom.
·
End of New Kingdom, 1100 b.c.
·
In 525 b.c. Egypt became a province of the
empire of Persia
·
From 333 b.c. it was ruled by the greeks.
·
In 30 b.c. it was conquered by the Romans.
·
The last great temple of the Nile was built
after 250 b.c.
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