LO 3: Contrast the ancient civilization of the Nile with
that of the Tigris-Euphrates, and discuss the defining features of the Egyptian
life.
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Dark age began to develop City-states
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Athens and Sparta were giants among the
city-states
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Acropolis:
the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town.
·
Were competitive with each other
·
Made their own armies made up of the own male
citizens.
·
Hoplite: a heavily armed and armored
citizen-solder of ancient Greece.
·
Phalanx: a unit of several hundred hoplites, who
closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy.
·
City-states ruled by kings
·
Monarchy: a state in which supreme power is held
by a single, usually hereditary ruler.
·
Oligarchy: a state in which supreme power is
held by a small group.
·
Triremes: massive fighting vessels with three
banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships.
·
Tyranny: rule by a self-proclaimed dictator
·
Democracy: in ancient Greece, a form of
government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in
decision making.
·
Spartans were decadents of the Greeks who had
conquered part of the southern main land, the territory of Laconia.
·
Helots: noncitizens forced to work for
landholders in the ancient city-state of Greece.
·
By the fifth century, policy decisions had been
taken over by a council of elders
·
There were two kings
·
Boys were taken by age of seven, they were
taught manly behavior and reading and writing and were started a long life
routine of physical toughening and military training
·
Permitted to marry after age 20
·
Girls were required to participate in drills and
exercises that were designed to develop them into healthy, child-bearing women.
·
Athenians, believed that the Spartan life was
not worth living
·
Athens carried on a prosperous commerce and had
direct access to the sea.
·
Athens chief strength is the navy
·
Athens welcomed foreign ideas and visitors
·
Athenians
were proud of their free life
·
Athens flowed daring inventiveness, glorious literature,
and stunning creations of mind and hand.
·
Athens was a warlike community
·
Homeland was the peninsula of Attica.
·
800 B.C. many old established communities in
Attica merged to form a single city-state that was known by the name of the
most important community, Athens
·
Athens began to trade and manufactory center
·
Aristocrats: members of prominent and long
established Athenian families.
·
Excellent human beings
·
Boys were trained for physical fitness, when
turned eighteen they were assigned a company for two years of military and
civic training.
·
Girls got an education, they were sent off to
live for a few years before they got married with one group of young women who
served in temples of various goddess
·
Most were kept home without education
·
Had strong citizenship and responsibility to the
community
·
Began as a monarchy, lead to extension of
political power to all adult male citizens, became leaders instead of rulers.
·
Democracy
·
Persian War, which Athens led the city-state to
victory. The success followed the Golden Age.
·
Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta, Athens
was defeated, never recovered its power, and continued a democracy to 338 B.C.
·
In the sixth century the Persians conquered a
realm that stretched from the border of India to the Nile and the Aegean.
·
Persian King Darius I determined to extend his
control of the mainland.
·
Lost first battle in 490 B.C.
·
Athens took over rule by 445 B.C.
·
Athens went back to democracy
·
The Athenians ultimate power rested in the
Assembly of adult male citizens
·
Made major decisions
·
Council of Five Hundred and the roughly one
thousand public officials that it supervised
·
Military officials were called the Ten Generals
·
Ostracism: Banishment for ten years by majority
vote of the Athenian Assembly
·
Believed in Aliens
·
Men had many more rights then Women
·
Could own slaves
·
Had a diverse group of slaves
- Aliens took care of industry and truth
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